a056  0333  14 Oct 78
PM-Soviet-U.S.,300
    MOSCOW (AP) - Pravda launched a blistering persopal attack on U.S.
Ambassador Malcolm Toon today, accusing him of slandering the Soviet
Union during his American speaking tour.
    The Communist Party newspaper took issue with remarks Toon made on
racism in Soviet society, microwave bombardment of the U.S. Embassy
and the ''panicked fear'' of the Soviet Union toward China.
    ''One thing is clear: diplomat Toon conducts himself extremely
undiplomatically,'' Pravda said. ''What he is doing is not to the
credit of this extraordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador.''
    It was the second denunciation of Toon in two months since he left
on the speaking tour aimed at selling the agreement for limiting
strategic arms to audiences in several American cities.
    Pravda charged Toon has ''taken upon himself the mission of a
traveling Sovietologist'' and that he has forgotten ''his official
functions'' as spelled out in a 1961 convention.
    The paper said ''it's not quite necessary that an ambassador must
like everything in a country in which he is accredited.''
    But it added: ''Neither in the convention nor in some other
international documents of course (and it cannot be) is there even
half a word that a diplomat is allowed to be busy with slandering the
state whose hospitality he uses and to publicly slander this state.''
    The newspaper called it ''a puzzle why Mr. Toon should knit together
absurdities about 'racism' in the U.S.S.R.
    ''The ambassador must be aware that in the Soviet Union all forms
and exposures of racism, racial discrimination and nationalistic
discords have been denounced as illegal and those responsible are
prosecuted in the strictest way.''
    The paper also said it was ''confused'' as to why Toon again put
before the public ''tales'' of covert Soviet microwave bombardment of
the U.S. Embassy - a sore point in U.S.-Soviet relations since it was
first disclosed in February 1976.
    ''Maybe he hasn't learned how to differentiate between his
microwaves and other ones,'' the newspaper said.
    
ap-ny-10-14 0638EDT
***************

a057  0343  14 Oct 78
PM-International Overview,490
    VATICAN CITY (AP) - Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church begin a
conclave today that will choose a new pope for the second time in less
than two months. Non-Europeans outnumber Europeans for the first time
ever, but the Italians still form the biggest national bloc.
    A total of 111 ''princes of the church'' are participating in the
secret, tightly-guarded gathering, the same number that elected Pope
John Paul I successor to Pope Paul VI in a 26-hour conclave just 50
days ago. John Paul died Sept. 28, only 34 days after his election.
    The only ''freshman'' elector is an American, Cardinal John Wright
who was bedridden in a Boston clinic for eye surgery when he missed
the August conclave. Another cardinal who missed the August conclave
because of sickness, Poland's Boleslaw Filipiak, died of a brain
hemorrhage at his home in Poznan Thursday.
    ---
    MOSCOW (AP) - Pravda launched a blistering personal attack on U.S.
Ambassador Malcolm Toon today, accusing him of slandering the Soviet
Union during his American speaking tour.
    The Communist Party newspaper took issue with remarks Toon made on
racism in Soviet society, microwave bombardment of the U.S. Embassy
and the ''panicked fear'' of the Soviet Union toward China.
    ''One thing is clear: diplomat Toon conducts himself extremely
undiplomatically,'' Pravda said. ''What he is doing is not to the
credit of this extraordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador.''
    ---
    WINDHOEK, South-West Africa (AP) - South-West Wfrica's sun-blistered
sandscape is populated with a dozen squabbling ethnic clans, but
underneath lies a treasure trove of mineral wealth that could make an
independent Namibia one of Africa's richest lands.
    Fears that the cornucopia of diamonds, uranium and silver will
remain in South Africa's colonial grasp or fall into communist hands
help explain why Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance and the foreign
ministers of four other Western nations are flying here this weekend.
    Known to its black majority by the African name Namibia, this land
is still dominated by a stubborn white minority who know it as
South-West Africa - a former Germany colony put into South Africa's
care by the League of Nations after World War I.
    The United Nations terminated South Africa's mandate over the
territory in 1966 and has been trying unsuccessfully ever since to
push the South Africans out and get black majority rule.
    ---
    BAGUIO CITY, Philippines (AP) - Reeling from his third defeat in
four games, chess champion Anatoly Karpov postponed the 32nd game of
his world title match with Viktor Korchnoi today.
    Korchnoi crushed Karpov Friday night on the 71st move of their
resumed 31st game, when the champion resigned with only a rook and his
king left on the board.
    The Korchnoi victory threw the match into sudden death at five games
apiece, with each player needing one more victory for the title and
the record $350,000 first prize. The loser gets $200,000.
    
ap-ny-10-14 0648EDT
***************

n451  0524  16 Oct 78
 
BC-Labels 10-16
Attention: Financial editors
BY JEROME IDASZAK
(c) 1978 Chicago Sun-Times
    The companies that make appliances - from dishwashers to
freezers - are hoping that the federal government will
simplify proposed rules on energy labeling.
    The rules are intended to benefit consumers who want to buy
appliancs that use the least energy. The appliance
industry isn't fighting the rules, but does see some
problems.
    Hearings on the rules began last week and will continue through
Nov. 1 at the Federal Trade Commission in Washington. That
agency is responsible for developing appliance labeling, which was
ordered by Congress in 1975. As now proposed, an estimated
60 million product units have to carry labels.
    The energy act requires manufacturers to place ''an
estimated yearly operating cost'' label or tag on every new
refrigerator, freezer, heater, dishwasher, clothes washer, dryer,
room air conditioner, water heater, central air conditioning
system, furnance, TV set, kitchen range, oven, humidifier and
dehumidifier.
    One problem is how to compute the annual energy cost of each
appliance. ''The proposed energy label for central air
conditioners uses a 1,000-hours-of-operation figure to determine
the estimated yearly energy cost figure. In Seattle,
a 400-hour-operation figure is more realistic while in Miami,
a 2,800-hour-operation figure is applicable,'' said John
A. Kammerer, manager of planning for major appliances at Amana
Refrigeration Inc. of Amana, Iowa.
    A greater concern is that federal rules won't prevent states
from passing their own laws. That could cause chaos and
huge costs, according to Glenn S. Olinger, group
president of McGraw-Edison Co. in Elgin.
    Olinger said he expects the rules to take effect by mid-1979.
He thinks consumer will understand the labeling, but he doubts its
usefulness. ''I think everyone will be surprised after we
get done how little difference there will be between one
company's product and another's,'' he said.
    The Association is asking that clothes dryers, portable
electric heaters, microwave ovens, humidifiers and dehumidifiers
be excluded from the labeling because all of the products
have essentially the same efficiency. It also is asking to
put the label in prominent view, rather than, as proposed, that
each label be adhesive-backed (no tags) on the
front of the appliance.
    The manufacturers is to conduct tests to provide the information
on the labels. If the FTC or anyone else challenges the
results, then ''A reasonable number of covered products'' must
be shipped by the manufacturer for independent tests. Amana said
that could ''pose particular financial hardship for small
manufacturers.'' Kammerer said that Amana has 184 styles
and sizes of units to which the tests apply.
hb    (Endit Idaszak) 10-16
 
 
cd
...
(End missing.)
***************

a057  0413  17 Oct 78
PM-Nobel,40
BULLETIN
    STOCKHOLM, Sweden (AP) - The 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded
jointly today to Dr. Arno A. Penzias and Dr. Robert W. Wilson of Bell
Telephone Laboratories of New Jersey and Prof. Pyotr Leontevitch
Kapitsa of Moscow.
    
ap-ny-10-17 0719EDT
 - - - - - -

a063  0435  17 Oct 78
PM-Nobel, 1st Ld-Writethru, a057 a058,300
Eds: New info after 2nd graf
URGENT
    STOCKHOLM, Sweden (AP) - The 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded
jointly today to Dr. Arno A. Penzias and Dr. Robert W. Wilson of Bell
Telephone Laboratories of New Jersey and Prof. Pyotr Leontevitch
Kapitsa of Moscow.
    Half the $165,000 prize went to Penzias and Wilson for their
discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation. The other half
went to Kapitsa for basic research into low temperature physics.
    Penzias and Wilson were the fifth and six Americans awarded Nobel
prizes this year. The chemistry prize is being awarded later today.
    Kapitsa, who at 84 is one of the oldest Nobel laureates in science,
is the second Russian to win the award for low-temperature physics.
His associate, Lev Landau, got the physics prize in 1962 for studies
on liquid helium.
    Kapitsa worked in England for several years.
    Penzias was born in 1933 in Munich, Germany and received his
doctorate at Columbia University in New York in 1962. He has worked
with Bell Laboratories since 1961, and has been head of its radio
physics researh department since 1974.
    Robert Wilson, born in Houston, Tex., is the youngest of the physics
laureates. He is 42. He graduated from Cal Tech in 1962 and went to
Bell in 1963.
    On Monday, Prof. Herbert Simon of the Carnegie Mellon University in
Pittsburgh, Pa. won the 1978 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science
for pioneering research into the way complex business organizations
such as multinationals make their decisions.
    The other Americans to win 1978 Nobel prizes are Yiddish author
Isaac Bahevis Singer, literature, and microbiologists Daniel Nathans
and Hamilton C. Smith of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, who
shared their prize in medicine with Werner Arber of the University of
Basel, Switzerland.
    
ap-ny-10-17 0741EDT
 - - - - - -

a068  0502  17 Oct 78
PM-Late News Advisory,
 
    A 2nd Ld PM-Nobel, a063, will move shortly, providing additional
background.
 
    A 1st Ld PM-Fire, a060, will move from Philadelphia in about 20
minutes. The death count remains at seven.
 
The AP
    
ap-ny-10-17 0808EDT
 - - - - - -

a071  0542  17 Oct 78
PM-Nobel, 2nd Ld-Writethru, a063,600
Eds: New info on all three winners throughout
URGENT
    STOCKHOLM, Sweden (AP) - The 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded
jointly today to Dr. Arno A. Penzias and Dr. Robert W. Wilson of Bell
Telephone Laboratories of New Jersey and Prof. Pyotr Leontevitch
Kapitsa of Moscow, ''father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb'' and a
legendary scientist in his field.
    Half the $165,000 prize went to Penzias and Wilson for their
discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, which has lent
solid support to the theory the universe was created through a ''big
bang'' explosion. The other half went to Kapitsa for basic research
into low temperature physics.
    Penzias and Wilson were the fifth and six Americans awarded Nobel
prizes this year. The chemistry prize is being awarded later today.
    Kapitsa, who at 83 is one of the oldest Nobel laureates in science,
is the second Russian to win the award for low-temperature physics.
His associate, Lev Landau, got the physics prize in 1962 for studies
on liquid helium.
    Kapitsa worked in England for several years.
    Kapitsa's ''discoveries, ideas and new techniques - such as a device
to produce liquid helium - have been basic to the modern expansion of
the science of low-temperature physics,'' the Swedish Academy of
Sciences said.
    Kapitsa, who worked with earlier Nobel greats such as Albert
Einstein, has long been mentioned as a Nobel prize prospect, having
played a leading role in low-temperature physics for many decades.
    He maintained laboratories both at Cavendish at Cambridge in England
and in Moscow, where he was director of the Institute for Physical
Problems at the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1934 he was prevented
by the Stalin regime from returning to England. In 1946 he lost his
post at the academy but returned again in 1955 when the Stalin epoch
ended. He has held his post ever since then.
    Penzias was born in 1933 in Munich, Germany and received his
doctorate at Columbia University in New York in 1962. He has worked
with Bell Laboratories since 1961, and has been head of its radio
physics researh department since 1974.
    Wilson, born in Houston, Tex., is the youngest of the physics
laureates. He is 42. He graduated from Cal Tech in 1962 and went to
Bell in 1963 where he teamed up with Penzias.
    Their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, which may
date from the creation of the solar system, has marked an important
stage in the exploration of the riddles of the cosmos through
radioastronomy.
    The sensitive equipment needed for study of background radiation was
developed at Bell Labs in the early 1960s. It was originally used for
radio communications with the satellites Echo and Telstar until
Penzias and Wilson decided to use it to study microwave background
radiation.
    Their fundamental discovery and painstaking research has given solid
support to the so-called ''big bang'' theory of the creation of the
universe through an explosion.
    On Monday, Prof. Herbert Simon of the Carnegie Mellon University in
Pittsburgh, Pa. won the 1978 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science
for pioneering research into the way complex business organizations
such as multinationals make their decisions.
    The other Americans to win 1978 Nobel prizes are Yiddish author
Isaac Bahevis Singer, literature, and microbiologists Daniel Nathans
and Hamilton C. Smith of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, who
shared their prize in medicine with Werner Arber of the University of
Basel, Switzerland.
    
ap-ny-10-17 0847EDT
 - - - - - -

a081  0634  17 Oct 78
PM-Late News Advisory,
 
    A 3rd Ld PM-Nobel, a071, is being prepared. It will include comments
from the two Americans who shared in the Nobel Prize in physics and
will include information on the British professor winning the prize in
chemistry, providing a Nobel roundup.
 
The AP
    
ap-ny-10-17 0940EDT
 - - - - - -

a087  0805  17 Oct 78
PM-Nobel, 3rd Ld-Writethru, a071,750
URGENT
Eds: New matter including chemistry winner and quotes
    STOCKHOLM, Sweden (AP) - The 1978 Nobel Prize in physics was shared
today by two Americans and a Russian while the award for chemistry
went to a Briton. The Americans were cited for their work on the ''big
bang'' theory of the creation of the universe.
    The physics prize was awarded to Dr. Arno A. Penzias and Dr. Robert
W. Wilson of Bell Telephone Laboratories of New Jersey and Prof.
Pyotr Leontevitch Kapitsa of Moscow. The prize for chemistry went to
British professor Peter Mitchell, 58, of Glynn Research Laboratories.
    Kapitsa, 84, one of the oldest recipients of the prize, was cited
for his research in the area of low-teperature physics.
    Mitchell was honored for his studies of biological energy transfer
in a branch of biochemistry known as bioenergetics, which concerns the
chemical process responsible for the energy supply of living cells.
    Half the $165,000 physics prize went to Penzias and Wilson for their
discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, which has lent
solid support to the theory the universe was created through a ''big
bang'' explosion. The other half went to Kapitsa.
    Penzias and Wilson were the fifth and six Americans awarded Nobel
prizes this year.
    Penzias was born in 1933 in Munich, Germany and received his
doctorate at Columbia University in New York in 1962. He has worked
with Bell Laboratories since 1961, and has been head of its radio
physics research department since 1974.
    ''I'm very greatful,'' he said at his home in Holmdale, N.J. I came
here as a refugee almost exactly 40 years ago. I guess it's kind of
corny to say but I've realized the American dream. I came here with
nothing and end up with everything.''
    He said he and Wilson were researching the Earth's galaxy, the Milky
Way, when ''we found more radiation than we could account for in the
Milky Way, and it turned out upon investigation that this radiation
was coming from outside even our own galaxy. There's nothing out there
to cause it. That radiation was left over from the initial explosion
from which the entire universe erupted,'' he said.
    Wilson, born in Houston, Texas, is the youngest of the physics
laureates. He is 42. He graduated from Cal Tech in 1962 and went to
Bell in 1963 where he teamed up with Penzias.
    ''I hope it (the prize) doesn't make a big difference in my work in
the future,'' he said at his home in Elizabeth, N.J.
    ''A lot of the prizes have gone to Americans.'' He said he thought
American physics could compete with the rest of the world. ''It
doesn't surprise me for Americans to win the prize at all,'' he said.
    Their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, which may
date from the creation of the solar system, has marked an important
stage in the exploration of the riddles of the cosmos through
radioastronomy.
    Kapitsa is the second Russian to win the award for low-temperature
physics. His associate, Lev Landau, got the physics prize in 1962 for
studies on liquid helium.
    Kapitsa, who was vacationing at a spa outside Moscow, said it was
''an exciting event for all of Soviet science,'' when told he had won
the prize.
    Kapitsa worked in England for several years and is said to have
worked on the Soviet atom and hydrogen bombs, although he denies this.
His reluctance to work toward a Soviet arms buildup after World War
II got him in trouble with Stalin.
    Kapitsa's ''discoveries, ideas and new techniques - such as a device
to produce liquid helium - have been basic to the modern expansion of
the science of low-temperature physics,'' the Swedish Academy of
Sciences said.
    Kapitsa, who worked with with earlier Nobel greats such as Lord
Ernest Rutherford of England, who won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in
1908 but was also a great physicist, and Albert Einstein, who won it
for physics in 1921, has long been mentioned as a Nobel prospect,
having played a leading role in low-temperature physics for many
decades.
    He maintained laboratories both at Cavendish at Cambridge in England
and in Moscow, where he was director of the Institute for Physical
Problems at the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1934 he was prevented
by the Stalin regime from returning to England. In 1946 he lost his
post at the academy but returned again in 1955 when the Stalin epoch
ended. He has held his post ever since.
    The sensitive equipment needed by the Americans for study of
background radiation was developed at Bell Labs in the early 1960s. It
was originally used for radio communications with the satellites Echo
and Telstar until Penzias and Wilson decided to use it to study
microwave background radiation.
    Their fundamental discovery and painstaking research has given solid
support to the so-called ''big bang'' theory of the creation of the
universe through an explosion.
    On Monday, professor Herbert Simon of the Carnegie Mellon University
in Pittsburgh, won the 1978 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science
for pioneering research into thetheir decisions.
    The other Americans to win 1978 Nobel prizes are Yiddish author
Isaac Bahevis Singer, literature, and microbiologists Daniel Nathans
and Hamilton Q. Smith of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, who
shared their prize in medicine with Werner Arber of the University of
Basel, Switzerland.
    ---
    Eds: Kapitsa age 84 in 3rd graf correct sted 83 as previously sent
    
ap-ny-10-17 1111EDT
***************

a058  0414  17 Oct 78
PM-Nobel, 1st add,30
URGENT
STOCKHOLM, Sweden: Moscow.
    Half the $165,000 prize went to Penzias and Wilson for their
discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation. The other half
went to Kapitsa for basic research into low temperature physics.
    
ap-ny-10-17 0720EDT
***************

a226  1217  17 Oct 78
AM-Nobel Prizes Bjt,780
Laserphotos STO1, NY24, Others Upcoming
By DICK SODERLUND
Associated Press Writer
    STOCKHOLM, Sweden (AP) - Two Americans whose work with microwave
radiation supported the ''big bang'' theory of the creation of the
universe shared the Nobel Prize in physics Tuesday with a Russian
scientist. The prize for chemistry went to a Briton.
    Dr. Arno A. Penzias, 45, and Dr. Robert W. Wilson, 42, both of the
Bell Telephone Laboratories of New Jersey, shared the $165,000 physics
prize with professor Pyotr Leontevitch Kapitsa of Moscow. Kapitsa,
84, was honored for his work in low-temperature physics.
    The chemistry prize, also $165,000, went to professor Peter
Mitchell, 58, of Bodmin, Cornwall, in southwestern England, for his
work in bioenergetics, which concerns the chemical process responsible
for the energy supply in living cells.
    Six of the nine men named to receive or share in Nobel prizes this
year are Americans. Americans shared with other nationalities in
physics and medicine, and won outright in literature and economics.
The Nobel Peace Prize has not yet been announced.
    Penzias and Wilson discovered cosmic microwave background radiation,
which added support to the theory that Earth was created by a
tremendous explosion some 15 billion years ago.
    Penzias, reached at his home in Highland Park, N.J., said he and
Wilson were researching the Milky Way when ''we found more radiation
than we could account for in the Milky Way, and it turned out upon
investigation that this radiation was coming from outside even our own
galaxy. There's nothing out there to cause it. That radiation was
left over from the initial explosion from which the entire universe
erupted.''
    Penzias, who went to the United States from Germany as a child 40
years ago, said, ''I guess it's kind of corny to say, but I've
realized the American dream.'' He was born in Munich in 1933 and
received his doctorate at Columbia University in New York in 1962. He
has worked for Bell since 1961 and headed Bell's radio physics
research department since 1974.
    Wilson,42, was born in Houston, was graduated from Cal Tech in 1962,
went to Bell in 1963 and teamed up with Penzias.
    ''I hope it (the prize) doesn't make any big difference in my work
in the future,'' he said from his home in Holmdel, N.J., when he was
notified he had won.
    Kapitsa is the second Russian to win Nobel honors for
low-temperature physics. His associate, Lev Landau, won in 1962.
    Kapitsa, a legendary figure in the physics world, has long been
mentioned as a Nobel prospect. His research with liquid helium has had
a major effect on Soviet steel and energy industries. His work has
contributed toward development of low-energy computers.
    He worked with Albert Einstein, who won the Nobel Prize for physics
in 1921, and with Lord Ernest Rutherford of England, a renowned
physicist who won the prize for chemistry in 1908.
    Kapitsa had laboratories at Cambridge University in England and in
Moscow and was head of the Institute for Physical Problems at the
Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1934 the Josef Stalin regime prevented
him from returning to England.
    In 1946 he was put under a form of ''house arrest'' by Stalin when
he was reluctant to work toward a Soviet arms buildup. He was said to
have worked on the Soviet atom and hydrogen bombs during the next few
years, but Kapitsa denies this.
    He resumed directorship of the institute in 1955 after Premier
Nikita S. Khrushchev took power, and still holds the post.
    Kapitsa, who was vacationing at a spa outside Moscow, said, when
told of the honor, that it was ''an exciting event for all of Soviet
science.''
    Mitchell was not available for comment, but his wife Helen said he
would use the money to expand the laboratory he founded 15 years ago.
    A member of the Swedish Academy of Science, which awards the prizes,
said Mitchell's work, once viewed with skepticism but now accepted as
the basis of bioenergetics, can aid in the development of energy
sources.
    ''I believe that we futurely must imitate biological systems to meet
our long-range energy demands,'' Professor Bo Malmstrom of the
academy said.
    On Monday, Prof. Herbert Simon of Carnegie Mellon University in
Pittsburgh won the 1978 Nobel Memorial Prize in economic science for
his research into how complex business organizations make decisions.
    Other American winners this year are Yiddish author Issac Bahevis
Singer for literature, and microbiologists Daniel Nathans and Hamilton
Q. Smith of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, who shared the the
prize in medicine with Werner Arber of the University of Basel,
Switzerland.
    Last year five of the 10 Nobel recipients were Americans. Americans
swept the prizes in 1976.
    
ap-ny-10-17 1523EDT
***************

a233  1324  17 Oct 78
AM-Nobel-Reaction,450
By LUCI E. SCOTT
Associated Pess Writer
    HOLMDEL, N.J. (AP) - Arno Penzias, the son of refugees and one of
two Americans awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics on Tuesday, says
winning the award is a ''completion of the American dream.'
    Penzias and Robert W. Wilson, both of the Bell Telephone Laboratory
here, shared half of this year's $165,000 prize. The other half went
to Professor Pyotr Leontevitch Kapitsa of Moscow. The awards were
announced in Stockholm, Sweden.
    The Americans were cited for their discovery of cosmic microwave
background radiation, which has lent support to the theory that the
universe was created through a ''big bang'' explosion.
    Asked for his reaction, Penzias said in a telephone interview from
his home in Highland Park, ''it's going to sound corny ... but it's a
completion of the American dream.''
    Wilson said he was ''very pleased'' with the award.
    Penzias arrived in New York 40 years ago this week as the 6-year-old
son of penniless German Jewish refugees.
    After public school, he attended the City College of New York where,
he said, he chose a practical major like physics so he could make a
living, he said.
    ''It's really true. You can come to America and start with nothing
... and be able to achieve as much as anybody can,'' Penzias said.
    ''The phone company is the most American of institutions, and here I
am, right in the heart of our society.''
    Penzias' wife, Anne, said they plan to give part of the prize money
to charity - to aid either Jewish immigrants or youths.
    ''Youth is dear to our heart,'' said Mrs. Penzias, a school guidance
counselor.
    Upon hearing the news, the first phone call Penzias made was to his
parents, Karl and Inge Penzias in the Bronx. The prize winner's
mother, contacted at home, said, ''We are so proud of him.'' She said
as a child her son Arno was ''interested in everything.''
    Meanwhile, in Holmdel, Wilson's home phone rang about 7 a.m.
Tuesday. Calling was a friend, Paul Henry, who asked Mrs. Wilson if
what he heard on the radio was true.
    ''What do they say?'' she asked.
    It was then the Wilsons heard that he had been awarded the Nobel
Prize.
    ''I'm very pleased with it,'' Wilson said in a telephone interview.
''It's a very nice prize.''
    He said rumors had circulated that he might win, but ''there have
been so many other rumors that one tends to ignore them.''
    Asked what he would do with the prize money, he said, ''I haven't
even thought about that. I'll figure out where it fits in the scheme
of things.''
    Wilson and Penzias are the sixth and seventh Nobel prize winners
from Bell Laboratories since 1937. Last year, Philip A. Anderson of
Bell shared the physics prize with two other winners. Six Americans
have received Nobels so far this year.
    
ap-ny-10-17 1630EDT
***************

n026  0845  26 Oct 78
 
PM-CABLES
By ERNEST HOLSENDOLPH
c. 1978 Washington Star
    WASHINGTON - The Federal Communications Commission is adopting a new
policy to make it easier for cable TV systems to pick up sports,
movies and other offerings from leading independent stations,
increasing the diversity of programming for cable subscribers.
    The agency made this clear Wednesday when it approved an application
by four companies to distribute by satellite the signals from
Chicago's WGN, one of the nation's leading independents. The
commissioners let it be known that future applications to distribute
other signals would likely get expedited approval.
    Cable operators and satellite firms agree that the development gives
them a better chance to show varied, quality programs from around the
nation, making them stronger competitors against network-fed
broadcasters in their communities.
    ''It provides a fine alternative for cable subscribers,'' said
Robert L. Schmidt, president of the National Cable Television
Association. ''It is also very timely, since we plan to have about
1,200 receiving antennas in place by the end of the year.''
    The companies that prevailed Wednesday included Southern Satellite
Systems Inc., United Video Inc., American Microwave Communications
Inc. and Midwestern Relay Co.
    American, United and Midwestern have already been involved in
land-based microwave distribution of WGN programs.
    ''We had heard plenty of talk for months about how stronger cable
operations would be good for competition,'' said Selman M. Kremer,
vice president of Southern. ''It was good to see some action to back
it up.''
    Southern has pioneered satellite distribution of broadcast
programming to cable operators with its distribution of Channel 17 in
Atlanta to more than 500 cable companies, which it initiated in 1976.
    Pending applications could lead to the distribution of programming
from KTVU in Oakland, perhaps in a few weeks, and KTTV of Lgs Angeles
and WPIX in New York City. Southern owns an interest in Satellite
Communications Systems Inc., the company asking for authority to
operate in Oakland and Los Angeles, but Holiday Inns owns the
controlling interest.
    WGN is strong in both professional and amateur sports broadcasting
as well as in movies.
    ''Movies are our mainstay,'' said Dick Petrash, a station staff
member. ''We have more than 3,000 titles now.'' Also the station
broadcasts 144 Cubs baseball games a year, 22 Bulls basketball games
and assorted amateur tournaments.
    Kremer of Southern Satellite Systems said in an interview here that
sports were the biggest national draw among cable viewers. Clearly
access to the stations in New York, the San Francisco Bay area and
Los Angeles would introduce a host of additional professional teams
to be televised.
    While the new commission policy is to look favorably on such
arrangements, commission rules will continue to limit the individual
operators to no more than two or three distant signals.
    
ny-1026 1146edt
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n413  2212  29 Oct 78
 
BC-Berry 1stadd 10-30
Kim Upton xxx at Thanksgiving dinner.
    In case you have doubts, here are a few recipes that prove
our point.
          Cranberry pear relish
Time: about 25 minutes
Cost: less than $1.60
 4 cups fresh cranberries
    rinsed and drained
 1 (29-ounce) can cling peach
    slices, drained and juice
    reserved
 1/4 teaspoon ground cloves
 1 teaspoon grated orange rind
    In a saucepan, combine cranberries and reserved peach juice. Bring
to a boil, lower heat and simmer for 5 minutes. Dice peaches
and stir into cranberry mixture. Remove from heat and stir
in cloves and orange rind. Pour into serving bowl and chill
until ready to serve.
          Cranberry mousse
Time: several hours, including refrigeration time
Cost: less than $1.80
    1 cup cranberry juice cocktail
 1 (3-ounce) package raspberry-flavored gelatin
    1 (16-ounce) can whole berry
    cranberry sauce
 1 cup heavy cream, whipped
    In a saucepan, heat cranberry juice to boiling; stir in
raspberry gelatin until dissolved. Stir in cranberry sauce.
Chill until mixture is thickened. Fold in whipped cream and
pour into serving bowl. Chill until firm. Makes 6-8 servings.
          Sweet and sour meatballs
Time: about 1 hour, 10 minutes
Cost: less than $2.25
  1 (16-ounce) can whole-berry
     cranberry sauce
  1 (8-ounce) can tomato sauce
  1 tablespoons prepared
     mustard
  1 tablespoon Worcestershire
     sauce
  1 small onion, minced
1 1/2 pounds ground beef
1 1/2 teaspoons salt
  1 egg
  2 tablespoons oil
    In a bowl, mix cranberry sauce, tomato sauce, mustard,
Worcestershire sauce and onion. Mix beef, salt and egg and
shape mixture into 24, 1 1/2-inch balls or 40 1-inch balls. Heat
oil in a skillet and brown meatballs on all sides. Drain excess
fat. Pour cranberry sauce evenly over meatballs, cover and
simmer, stirring occasionally for 20 minutes for cocktail-size
meatballs and 30 minutes for dinner-size meatballs. This dish can
be made in advance and reheated in skillet or in a microwave oven
on high for 5 minutes. Makes 24 dinner-size or 40 cocktail-size
meatballs.
          Cranberry-oatmeal squares
Time: about 1 hour, 10 minutes
Cost: less than $2.20
1 1/2 cups quick-cooking oats
1 1/4 cups flour
  3/4 cup brown sugar
  1 teaspoon baking powder
  1/2 teaspoon salt
  3/4 cup butter
  3 (8-ounce) cans whole berry
     cranberry sauce
  4 teaspoons cornstarch
  1/2 teaspoon cinnamon
  1/4 teaspoon nutmeg
    In a large bowl, combine oats, flour, sugar, baking
powder and salt. Stir to blend. With pastry blender cut in
butter until well mixed. Pat one half of this crumb mixture
into the bottom of a lightly greased 9-inch-square baking
pan. Set aside. In medium-size saucepan, combine cranberry
sauce, cornstarch, cinnamon and nutmeg. Cook over medium heat,
stirring constantly, until sauce becomes thickened and clear,
about 4 minutes. Spoon mixture over crumb layer. Sprinkle
remaining crumbs over top filling. Bake in a preheated
350-degree oven for 25 to 30 minutes, Cut into 12 portions.
Serve warm with whipped cream.
          Cranberry-apple-mincemeat pie
Time: about 1 hour
Cost: less than $3.70
Crust:
1 3/4 cups graham cracker
     crumbs
two-third cups walnuts (finely
     chopped)
  1/4 cup sugar
two-thirds cup melted butter
Filling:
  1 16-ounce can whole-berry
     cranberry sauce
  3/4 cup prepared mincemeat
  1 cup chopped walnuts
1 1/2 cups sliced apples
  1 tablespoons sugar
  2 tablespoons cornstarch
  2 tablespoons melted butter
  2 tablespoons brandy
    In a small bowl, mix graham cracker crumbs, walnuts, sugar
and melted butter. Reserve half of the mixture. Pat half
in 10-inch pie plate. In medium-sized mixing bowl, combine
cranberry sauce, mincemeat, walnuts, apples, sugar, cornstarch,
butter and brandy. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Bake crust
for 8 minutes, then fill with filling and top with remaining
crumb mixture. Bake 25 to 30 minutes, until apples are tender.
en    (endit UPTON, 2d story) 10-30
 
 
cd
...
(End missing.)
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n438  0054  30 Oct 78
 
BC-SPY 1stadd 10-30
Ingersoll and Oster xxx cloudy days.
    What makes this satellite such a stupendous asset is that it
can pick up more information of strategic importance in one day
than any espionage service can amass in years of furtive work.
    Moreover, KH-11 can transmit this information to Earth as
rapidly as it gathers it. It affords what the experts call
''real-time coverage.'' Other types of satellites have to make
periodic film drops before intelligence officials can get a
detailed look at what the satellites have seen.
    The film capsules are jettisoned from the satellite, usually
to be snatched out of the air by a hook attached to the nose
of an Air Force C-130 cargo plane, or fished out of the sea.
    With KH-11, there is no time lag, a strategic advantage the
Soviets apparently were not aware of before they got the manual.
    For these reasons, the intelligence community here was shocked
to learn of the Kampiles Affair. KH-11's secrets had been
compromised. With the manual in their hands, the Soviets
could learn a great deal about the satellite and its capabilities.
    There was immediate fear that the Soviets could use the manual
to devise ways to thwart KH-11, to ''blind'' it. There was fear,
too, that our ability to determine whether the Soviets
were cheating on the strategic arms limitation treaty had been
impaired.
    Now, consensus among national security experts in the Carter
administration and on Capitol Hill is that these fears are
groundless.
    ''The fact that they have the manual gives them more
information about our capability than we'd like them to have,''
said Paul C. Warnke, chief SALT negotiator. ''It doesn't detract
from our reconnaissance capability.''
    Warnke and Sen. Birch Bayh (D-Ind.), chairman of the Senate
Select Committee on Intelligence, agreed that regardless of
Kampiles, it would have been only a matter of time before the
Soviets determined what KH-11 could do.
    ''When that particular vehicle was sent aloft, there was no
idea it would remain as secure and undetected as long as it
did,'' Bayh said.
    It has been suggested that the Soviets never were positive that
KH-11 was a spy satellite until they acquired the manual,
since KH-11, unlike its predecessors, didn't have to rely on
film drops. Bayh took exception to this notion. From its orbit
and the territory it covered, he said, the Soviets could deduce
that KH-11's mission was reconnaissance.
    If KH-11 had an equatorial rather than solar orbit, they
would have concluded it was an early-warning satellite, sent up
to hover over a missile-test site or some other strategic area
by keeping pace with the Earth's rotations.
    ''There's no question the Kampiles disclosure was helpful
to the Russians,'' Bayh said. ''But in my judgment, the
symbolism is worse than the substance.''
    As for SALT ''verification'' - making sure the Soviets are
not secretly deploying some new missile system or otherwise
violating the SALT pact signed by the two nuclear superpowers
in 1972 - Bayh said: ''Kampiles does not keep us from being able
to determine what the 
ussian  are doing9
'
    Bayh anfpi  -ieve the Kampiles Affair will haunt the
Carter administration in the future. In the likelihood that
President Carter and Soviet President Leonid I. Brezhnev
eventually will sign the SALT II agreement being negotiated,
conservative and hawkish critics in the Senate are sure to
raise the verification issue during the debate over ratification.
    ''It won't be factual but it'll be something they'll use
(against SALT II),'' said Bayh.
    Carter, the first President to acknowledge the United States
uses spy satellites, declined at an Oct. 10 press conference
to discuss the Kampiles case in detail, but he did say:
    ''Whenever the Soviets discover any information about our
classified material, it's obviously potentially damaging to
our country. It (the Kampiles case) has not affected our SALT
negotiations ... our ability to verify compliance (with SALT
terms) will be adequate in the future.''
    What Carter did not mention was the vast array of technical
devices deployed to bolster U.S. security - reconnaissance
satellites other than KH-11, early-warning satellites, spy
planes, electronic eavesdropping ships, conventional and
over-the-horizon radar stations, as well as microwave
communications apparatus to intercept civilian and military
telephone calls and radio messages.
    As a result of Kampiles, Bayh said, the Defense Department
has speeded up research and development in aerial surveillance.
    ''We need to do more in the next generation of sophisticated
satellite reconnaissance,'' he said, ''and I'm sure more funds
are going to be spent.''
    Notwithstanding the security blanket of early-warning and
reconnaissance systems that the United States has woven
for itself at the cost of billions, Bayh regrets the Kampiles
Affair. ''I don't want the jury to think Kampiles did no damage
to the country,'' he said.
zz    (endit Ingersoll and Oster) 10-30
 
**********

a233  1258  03 Nov 78
AM-Information, Bjt,700
Consumer Scorecard
By LOUISE COOK
Associated Press Writer
    Confused about credit? Worried about warranties? Anxious about auto
safety?
    The federal government probably can answer your questions and allay
your fears - if you can figure out who to ask.
    The alphabet-soup list of government agencies and the division of
responsibility among and within departments is confusing. If you've
got a question about food labels, for example, the Food and Drug
Adminstration is the place to go. If you want to ask about food
advertising, you should inquire at the Federal Trade Commission.
    The Consumer Product Safety Commission has no authority over many
items we commonly think of as consumer products. Food and drugs, for
example, are outside the commission's sphere of influence.
    Here is a look at some of the agencies that offer help to consumers:
    CONSUMER INFORMATION CENTER: Established in 1970 as part of the
General Services Administration, the center serves as a distribution
outlet for federal publications. Four times a year it issues a catalog
of booklets, brochures and pamphlets available to the public, either
at no charge or for a small fee. The center distributed 26 million
publications in the year that ended Sept. 30, up from 17 million the
year before. Among the most popular booklets are those dealing with
automobiles, credit and health. The catalog is available from the
Consumer Information Center, Pueblo, Colo., 81009. A similar catalog,
listing selected publications issued in Spanish, is available from
the same address. There is no charge.
    CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION: Set up to reduce injuries
associated with consumer products in or around the home, the
commission sets and enforces mandatory safety standards and, in some
cases, bans hazardous products. A recent commission report said the
most dangerous items in terms of severity and frequency of accidents
are: bicycles and equipment, stairs, ramps and landings; footballs and
football gear, baseballs and equipment, playground equipment and
power lawn mowers. Exempt from commission authority are: foods, drugs,
cosmetics, medical devices, motor vehicles, boats, airplanes,
tobacco, firearms, alcohol and pesticides. The commission has a
toll-free hotline for inquiries. The number is 800-638-2666. (In
Maryland, the number is 800-492-2937.)
    FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION: This agency is responsible for the
purity and safety of foods, drugs and cosmetics and for the labeling
of such products. Food and color additives, antibiotics, insulin and
most prescription drugs must be approved by the FDA before they are
marketed and the agency enforces radiation safety standards for
products like X-ray equipment, color televisions, sunlamps and
microwave ovens. For information, contact the Consumer Inquiry
Section, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville,
Md., 20852; telephone number: 301-443-3170.
    FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION: The FTC enforces antitrust laws and a wide
variety of consumer protection statutes including those relating to
credit, warranties and false advertising. The commission generally
does not handle individual complaints, but it keeps track of problems
for possible action against habitual violators of consumer protection
laws. Write or call: Bureau of Consumer Protection, Federal Trade
Commission, Washington, D.C., 20850; telephone number: 202-523-3727.
    NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION: When you hear about
an automobile recall, it probably was ordered by or worked out in
conjunction with the traffic safety administration. The agency writes
and enforces safety standards which set minimum performance levels;
its jurisdiction includes automobiles, trucks, buses, recreational
vehicles like snowmobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, mopeds and all
related equipment. To report a defect or inquire about a safety
problem, call the NHTSA's toll-free hotline, 800-424-9393. (In
Washington, D.C., the number to call is 426-0123.)
    INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION: The ICC regulates surface
transportation by truck, bus and rail and sets standards for quality
and cost of interstate transportation. The area of ICC activity that
affects most consumers is household moving. The ICC sets standards for
interstate movers and requires companies to provide performance
reports to consumers on such things as number of shipments delivered
and number and type of complaints. The commission has a toll-free
hotline: 800-424-9312. (In Florida, call 800-432-4537; in Washington,
D.C., 275-7852.)
    
ap-ny-11-03 1600EDT
**********

a246  1527  05 Nov 78
AM-NFL Interruped,190
    NEW YORK (AP) - Football fans watching the Oakland Raiders and
Kansas City Chiefs on television were treated to more than an hour of
commercial-free play because of a mechanical failure, NBC said
Sunday.
    It was one of three problems that hit the network's regional
coverage of the National Football League, a network spokesman said.
    From 1:30 to 2:12 p.m. EST, 11 stations in upstate New York and Ohio
- including markets in Buffalo, Cleveland and Columbus - received
sound but no picture of the Cleveland Browns-Houston Oilers game
because of an American Telephone and Telegraph line failure, NBC said.
    And at the start of the Raiders-Chiefs game an AT&T switching
failure between El Paso, Texas, and Burbank, Calif., caused a complete
outage for about 10 minutes in St. Louis, NBC said.
    That game was fed to parts of Missouri and the entire West Coast
north to Portland, Ore., and every station involved received the
''clean feed'' - no commercials - from about 1:30 to 2:45. It was
caused by either switching failure or an outage at an AT&T microwave
tower, the network said.
    
ap-ny-11-05 1828EST
**********

n132  2050  08 Nov 78
 
AM-OWNER
c. 1978 N.Y. Times News Service
    NEW YORK - The average buyer of a General Motors diesel car is a
little older, a little wealthier and more mechanically inclined than
the person who sticks to the conventional engine, according to
General Motors research.
    The company's Oldsmobile division, which produces the diesels, said
the average buyer has the following characteristics:
    -He is is male - 93 of every 100 Olds diesel buyers are, compared
with 85 out of 100 who choose the gasoline-powered version of
Oldsmobile models.
    -He's about 55 years old, compared with about 50 for the person who
stays with the conventional engine.
    -He earns about $35,000 if he buys an Olds 98 diesel model and
$30,000 if he buys an Olds 88, or about $5,000 higher in each
category.
    -He's more mechanically inclined. ''Even though they don't plan to
work on the engine, they're fascinated by the mechanics of it,'' said
David Van Peursen, head of the Oldsmobile marketing division. If he
has a diesel in his garage he's also likely to have a microwave oven
in the kitchen and a digital watch on his wrist, the company says.
    -He intends to keep his car longer - five years compared with three
years of a typical buyer of an Olds 98.
    -He does more highway driving and puts more miles on his car,
presumably taking advantage of the diesel's better fuel economy.
    
ny-1108 2349est
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